Training for Peanut cultivation at Tra Vinh, VietNam

Training for Peanut cultivation at Tra Vinh, VietNam

Within the framework of topic: "Building a sustainable peanut cultivation process in Tra Vinh province" by Nguyen Thi Khanh Tran is head project. On April 27, 2021 in Tra Cu Tra Vinh District, High Agricultural Technology Research Institute for Mekong delta(HATRI) organized a training session, with 50 farmers and local officials. Officials from the Department of Agriculture, Department of Science, agricultural promotion station of the province, Tra Cu district, Commune People's Committee and farmers' unions are also interested in attending

Training purpose: The purpose of the training is to guide and propagate to help farmers realize and properly apply safe and sustainable peanut production measures and build performance points and apply peanut production models according to VietGap standards with high economic efficiency.

Figure 1. Peanut cultivation experiment (Lang Nguyen photo)

Highlighting the important significance of peanuts in the local growing area in Ngoc Bien Commune, Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh Province. "We are very pleased to have Prof Nguyen Thi Lang, Institute of High-Tech Agricultural Research on helping the district. A special session on improving the sustainable cultivation capacity of peanut crops and practical orientation information to apply and expand measures related to peanut production practices. Participants learn relevant report-based approaches to good farming."

Figure 2: Opening the workshop, Mr. Nguyen Quoc Hung (photo: Hoang Phuong)

The pressing issue is how to cultivate sustainable peanut varieties with high productivity, good qualities to meet the safety standards of the district's peanut region and expand the Viet Gap production model to serve local production needs. Therefore, the topic "Building a sustainable peanut cultivation process in Tra Vinh province" has been implemented to sustainably cultivate peanuts with high productivity, good qualities, pest resistance, adapting to local conditions to provide specialized areas, serving peanut varieties on site for the province:

Nguyen Thi K. Tran. reports

- Research and complete the technical process of peanut cultivation in Tra Vinh province towards the use of organic fertilizers, biological products providing nutrition or pest prevention, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Specific objectives:

- Building a technical process of sustainable peanut cultivation in Tra Vinh province: using biological preparations in production, creating peanut products of high quality, safe and sustainable for the environment and people, meeting the requirements of VietGAP standards.

- Building a peanut farming model certified by VietGAP (according to TCVN 11892-1:2017), scale of 30 hectares.

- Link at least 01 enterprise consuming peanut products.

- Training on farming techniques for at least 200 people

Contents of the topic The contents to be implemented of the topic include: (i) Completing the technical process of sustainable peanut cultivation in Tra Vinh province, (ii) Building a model of peanut cultivation certified by VietGAP (reasonable fertilizer formula, using micro-products and organic fertilizers to provide nutrition and disease prevention), (iii) Linking enterprises consuming peanut products, (iv) Training and transferring the technical process of sustainable peanut cultivation.

Introduction some new varieties from Peanut at HATRI

Prof. Nguyen Thi Lang reported peanut varieties and increased production along with improvements in peanut seed quality and productivity in Tra Vinh The agricultural sector is facing the dual challenge of increasing food production to meet consumer needs, while trying to adapt to the changing climate. Rapidly volatile global temperatures, uncertainty in different models, increasing intensity and frequency of natural disasters are major threats to food systems capable of limiting productivity and disrupting the stability of food systems. At the same time, the agricultural and food system is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions. Solving these challenges requires consideration of industry-specific opportunities and trade-ons. It's a peanut tree for Tra Vinh province. The Mekong Delta Agricultural Research Institute has also researched and bred new varieties of peanuts. 2019 planted at HATRI Institute

Table 1. Some traits from 13 peanut at HATRI

no	lines	hight (cm)	TGRHL1 ( duration)	TGRHL2 ( Duration)	TGST ( duration)	No branch
1	HATRI 01ĐP	68.5abcd	38a	45	98bc	4.99gh
2	HATRI 02ĐP	69.6abc	37ab	44	96de	5.67efg
3	HATRI 03ĐP	69.0abc	38a	45	98bc	7.33ab
4	HATRI 04ĐP	69.0abc	36bc	44	96de	6.00def
5	HATRI 05 ĐP	69.2abc	37ab	44	97cd	7.16abc
6	HATRI 06 ĐP	67.8bcd	35c	42	95e	7.33ab
7	HATRI 07 ĐP	71.0ab	38a	45	98bc	6.00def
8	HATRI 08 ĐP	68.0bc	35bc	42	95e	5.83ef
9	HATRI 09 ĐP	55.4e	38a	45	98bc	4.66hi
10	HATRI 10Đ	67.3cd	37ab	44	97cd	5.33fgh
11	HATRI 11Đ	71.3ab	36bc	44	96de	7.00abc
12	HATRI 12ĐP	68.1bc	37ab	44	96de	6.50bcde
13	VND1 (Checked)	72a	36bc	44	96de	7.8a

Peanuts: Peanut plays an important role in the livelihoods of poor farmers and in the rural economy of many developing countries. Most varieties have an average growth time in this autumn crop from 95-100 days, extending the duration more than the Winter Spring crop, which can be caused by prolonged rain and the field is always in a state of flooding suitable for single-plant areas or interspersed with other crops. Most flowering varieties are concentrated 35-38 days after sowing, the flowers bloom during the 1st flowering.

Table 2: yield and components yield of peatnut

No	Lines	Yield (ton/ha)	% fruit from 3-4seeds	% fruit for 2 seeds	% fruit for 1seed	% Unfilling	P100 Hull seeds (g)	P100 seeds (g)
1	HATRI 01ĐP	3.26bcd	0.00e	83.4a	10.6abcd	5.96bc	105.8b	42.6a
2	HATRI 02ĐP	3.42ab	21.5a	58.5g	12.9abcd	7.07abc	102.8bc	39.9bcd
3	HATRI 03ĐP	3.62a	18.1ab	68.2e	6.77d	6.78abc	135.0a	40.5abcd
4	HATRI 04ĐP	2.55j	0.00e	79.5abc	11.5abcd	8.90ab	83.10hi	40.1abcd
5	HATRI 05 ĐP	3.46ab	0.00e	80.6abc	13.4abc	5.89bc	91.3efgh	40.5abcd
6	HATRI 06 ĐP	2.88hi	5.46cde	80.4abc	7.33cd	6.79abc	82.6hi	36.0ef
7	HATRI 07 ĐP	3.21cde	0.00	81.5ab	10.2abcd	8.26abc	87.9fghi	39.4cd
8	HATRI 08 ĐP	2.86i	0.00e	80.1abc	9.60abcd	10.2a	85.1ghi	38.3de
9	HATRI 09 ĐP	3.33bcd	9.5c	66.6ef	15.1a	8.66ab	107.7b	32.5g
10	HATRI 10Đ	3.93 A	16.0b	67.3e	8.17bcd	8.48abc	82.0i	36.3ef
11	HATRI 11Đ	3.69 A	0.00e	78.1abcd	14.6ab	7.20abc	82.4i	41abc
12	HATRI 12ĐP	3.59a	3.82de	77.7abcd	13.9ab	4.48c	95.9cdef	40.1abcd
	VND1 (checked)	1.97ghi	0.00e	77.7abcd	13.9ab	8.79ab	92.3defg	40.2abcd

Figure 3: Farmers discussed (photo: Le Hoang Phuong)

Peanut seed techniques for farmers:

Nguyen Trong Phuoc: Report related peanut seed techniques for farmers Soil preparation: Peanut soil must be light soil, have a coarse sand composition and smoother than clay. It is necessary to plow porous soil so that the soil has good water and drainage ability to meet the important requirements of peanuts such as nodules formed to improve the protein composition in the soil. Sowing seeds with a moderate distance avoids planting too thick sparrow affecting productivity. The distance is usually 30-40cm between rows with rows and 15-20 cm trees away from trees. The depth of the pruning hole must also be paid attention depending on the weather. Sowing 2-3 seeds / niches the amount of seeds needed to sow for 1 hectare is 150-180 kg. Fertilization of peanuts: Fertilizing: Manure :5-10 tons / ha, 100-200 kg super phosphate, 70-100 kg potassium; Fertilization: About 10-15 days after sowing 20-25 ure 50-100 kg superphosphate; The second time when the plant flowers 20-25 kg of urea 50-100 super phosphate.

Plant protection report for peanuts

The situation of pests in Tra Vinh: by Huynh Van An Department of Application Implementation - Center for Information and Application of Tra Vinh Science and Technology. The center reports Peanut trees often encounter groups of worms that eat leaves, cavities, leafworms,... they often break down strongly from the moment peanuts flower walked on, if many worms eat up the leaves of the whole peanut field, affecting productivity, this group of farmers is very recognizable. The group of stinging worms sucks like aphids, thrips, green aphids,... this type both harms the leaves and is a broker that transmits the disease to peanuts. The group of root and fruit pests such as gray worms, crickets, termites, white figs, in this group it is found to be dangerous as gray worms and white figs.

Mr. Trang Tung Sub-Department of Horticulture and Environmental Protection Tra Vinh reported on the development of local peanut varieties. "A good breed is to give high productivity, be resistant to pests and be accepted by traders. Currently, there are many varieties of beans that have been grown in Tra Vinh such as MD7, L14, L18, L23, HL15, VD1, VD2, Peanut V, MD9, Bac Giang red Peanut, american red Peanut,... The characteristics of these varieties are that most of the Peanut varieties grown in Tra Vinh have a standing body form, except for red Peanut in the form of half-cow trunks. However, for easy recognition, we can rely on the characteristics of the left divided into 2 groups as follows:

- Group of glossy slippery Peanut: Including varieties VD1, VD2, red Peanut,... This group is usually easy to grow, less picky soil, but gives not very high yields, the bees are usually small, difficult to consume. Currently, there are 02 varieties of peanuts commonly grown in Tra Vinh such as MD7, Mallet beans,... these varieties are commonly grown because they can be used for multi-purpose use for fresh export to the Chinese market (dominated) or for the production of Peanut for confectionery processing sold in the province and other provinces such as Ben Tre, Vinh Long, Ho Chi Minh City,... The current source of varieties produced by people in the new place meets about 1/5, while the remaining 4/5 of the seed sources are imported from other provinces such as Daklak, Tay Ninh, the southeastern provinces."

Discussion of farmers

Some farmers as well as officials of departments came to give some comments and ask questions to the institute to solve and overcome the difficulties of growing peanut crops, how to choose varieties and care. Especially peanut peel is blackened. Diseases on peanut trees. how to fertilize etc... Answering in the workshop, the reporters said: Pay attention to disease-resistant varieties, Sandy soil phase is the best. Avoid muddy soil, easy to blacken granules. The form of seeds is important because the Peanut variety for eating fresh .

Conclusion of the seminar

Prof. Nguyen Thi Lang gave the closing speech of the training course "Although many implementations in provinces, districts and communes, local leaders have come fully and especially farmers in this district to the full. The project is just beginning but has the potential to improve sustainability. Because Farmers sit and listen and discuss very well, best practices combine local knowledge and new technology. Practice experiments on varieties, fertilizers and care towards sustainability, which can positively affect production practices in the field.

HATRI gathered physically and virtually to discuss key strategies and programs toward achieving peanut sufficiency, sustainability, and resiliency in Tra Vinh. The pointed out two key areas: relevant researches, which will create a great impact on new varieties for peanut. Tra Cu, Tra Vinh will result in innovation in climate-resilient peanut varieties, and in identifying gaps such as how to cultivated peanut and research on pests and diseases.At the end of the day, we need to achieve two things: increasing productivity, and increasing the income of farmers, through cost-reduction technologies,Hopefully, farmers will absorb and practice well in the near future. Many thanks to Anh Hung, Mr. N. Van Hung, Anh Thach Son, Anh Trang Tung for coming and sharing as well as supporting the class. Good health "

Figure 4: Training class in Ngoc Bien, Tra Cu, Tra Vinh (photo by Trong Phuoc)

Figure 5. Evaluation of experiments in Hamlet A, Ngoc Bien Commune, Tra Cu District, Tra Vinh Province (Photo by Trong Phuoc)

Figure 6. Fertilizer experiments for peanuts at Ngoc bien, Tra Cu , Tra Vinh (Lang Nguyen photo)

Figure 7. Ms. Trang Trang Sub-Department of Horticulture and Environmental Protection Tra Vinh and Prof. Nguyen Thi Lang. Director of HATRI Institute visited the field in Tra Cu, Tra Vinh (Photo by Trong Phuoc)

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